Property

As you have a right to your property, so you have property in your rights.

Property

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In a 1792 essay titled “On Property,” James Madison offered an insightful and comprehensive definition of property, from which we quote at length:

– In its larger and juster meaning, [property] embraces everything to which a man may attach a value and have a right; and which leaves to everyone else the like advantage.

– In the former sense, a man’s land, or merchandize, or money is called his property.

– In the latter sense, a man has a property in his opinions and the free communication of them.

– He has a property of peculiar value in his religious opinions, and in the profession and practice dictated by them.

– He has a property very dear to him in the safety and liberty of his person.

– He has an equal property in the free use of his faculties and free choice of the objects on which to employ them.

– In a word, as a man is said to have a right to his property, he may be equally said to have a property in his rights.

A person’s property, in other words, certainly includes external physical objects, such as someone’s house, car, and cash. Property also extends to a person’s body and the safety of it, as well as one’s labor and his religious opinions and his freedom of speech.

Your property is everything that is rightfully yours. In this enlarged understanding of property, the term is synonymous with liberty, and life—both of which are forms of property, very precious property. Where people are fully protected in their property rights, their life and liberty are secure.

As Madison concludes, the right to property is important. The very concept of rights implies and requires the idea of property: You have a natural right to property and, simultaneously, your individual natural rights are your property. They belong to you, and no other human being. At a fundamental level, property and natural rights are synonymous.

    • Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address (1801)

    Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address (1801)

    • George Washington, Farewell Address (1796)

    George Washington, Farewell Address (1796)

    • George Washington, First Inaugural Address

    George Washington, First Inaugural Address

    • James Madison, “Property”

    James Madison, “Property”

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